Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the rapid development of myocardial necrosis caused by a critical imbalance between oxygen supply and demand of the myocardium. This usually results from plaque rupture with thrombus formation in a coronary vessel, resulting in an acute reduction of blood supply to a portion of the myocardium.
Possible causes of Myocardial infarction (MI) are : Coronary artery occlusion, Coronary spasm and Coronary stenosis. There are some risk factors to develop of Myocardial infarction such as :
Nursing Care Plan For Myocardial Infarction :
Assessment findings on the patient with myocardial infarction are : Dyspnea, Diaphoresis, Arrhythmias, Tachicardia, Anxiety, Pallor, Hypotension, Nausea and vomiting, Elevated temperature. The specific complain from the patient is crushing substernal chest pain (may radiate to the jaw, back and arms) that unrelieved by rest or nitroglycerin (NGT) tablet.
Nursing Diagnoses:
Planing and goals :
Intervention:
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the rapid development of myocardial necrosis caused by a critical imbalance between oxygen supply and demand of the myocardium. This usually results from plaque rupture with thrombus formation in a coronary vessel, resulting in an acute reduction of blood supply to a portion of the myocardium.
Possible causes of Myocardial infarction (MI) are : Coronary artery occlusion, Coronary spasm and Coronary stenosis. There are some risk factors to develop of Myocardial infarction such as :
- Aging
- Decrease serum HDL levels
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Drug use, specifically use of amphetamines or cocaine
- Elevated serum Triglyceride, LDL and Cholesterol levels
- Excessive intake of saturated fats, carbohydrates, or salt
- Family history of CAD
- Hypertension
- Obesity
- Post menopausal women
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Smoking
- Stress
Nursing Care Plan For Myocardial Infarction :
Assessment findings on the patient with myocardial infarction are : Dyspnea, Diaphoresis, Arrhythmias, Tachicardia, Anxiety, Pallor, Hypotension, Nausea and vomiting, Elevated temperature. The specific complain from the patient is crushing substernal chest pain (may radiate to the jaw, back and arms) that unrelieved by rest or nitroglycerin (NGT) tablet.
Nursing Diagnoses:
- Chest discomfort (pain) due to an inbalance Oxygen (O2) demand supply
- Potential Arrhythmias related to decrease cardiac output
- Respiratory difficulties (dyspnoea) due to decrease CO
- Anxiety & fear of death related to his condition
- Activity intolerance related to limitations imposed
- Potential for complications of thrombolytic therapy
- Discharge medications, follow up & Health teachings
Planing and goals :
- The patient won't develop preventable complication
- The patient will understand the necessary treatment and lifestyle changes.
Intervention:
- Monitor ECG result to detect ischemia, injury new or extended infarction, arrhythmia, and conduction defects
- Monitor, record vital signs and hemodynamic variables to monitor response to the therapy and detects complication
- Administer oxygen as prescribe to improve oxygen supply to the heart
- Obtain an ECG reading during acute pain to detect myocardial ischemia, injury or infarction
- Maintain the patient's prescribed diet to reduce fluid retention and cholesterol levels
- Provided postoperative care if necessary to avoid postoperative complications and help the patient achieve a full recovery
- Allay the patient's anxiety because the anxiety increase oxygen demands.
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