Nursing Care Plan Asthma Bronchiale

Asthma Bronchiale

Definition

Asthma bronchiale (or simply Asthma) is a common disease that makes it hard for people to breathe. Attacks happen when the tubes that go to the lungs get irritated. They then become tight and inflamed. This makes the tubes thinner than it should be, which makes it harder to get air into the lungs. This is called an "asthma attack". Sometimes attention from the hospital is needed. When a person is having an asthma attack usually they will wheeze, breathe more frequently, and sometimes cough. Asthma attacks can be caused by many things like exercise, cold air, allergies, and inhaling certain chemicals.

Asthma attacks are most commonly caused by the airways reacting to so-triggers. Many people show allergic reactions to things like aspirin or the hair of certain pets. A good thing to do to reduce the risk and level of the asthma attack is to identify those triggers and remove them from the environment of the person suffering from asthma.

Some asthma attacks can be dangerous. The worst-case scenario, known as status asthmaticus, can be life-threatening.

Asthma can be controlled most often by avoiding contact with triggers and by using certain drugs.

Hospitals have other options they can use in an emergency when the usual treatment fails:

* Oxygen
* Certain drugs that act like an asthma spray, but are much stronger
* Certain drugs that can be given intravenously
* Steroids
* Breathing aids (including tubes, and valves in very severe cases)

Source : http://simple.wikipedia.org

Assessment

1. Past medical history :
   • Review personal or family history of previous lung disease.
   • Review a history of allergic reaction or sensitivity to substances / environmental factors.
   • Review the patient's employment history.


2. Activities
   • The inability to perform activities because of difficulty breathing.
   • The decline in the ability / improvement needs help doing daily activities.
   • Sleep in a high sitting position.


3. Respiratory
   • Dipsnea at rest or in response to activity or exercise.
   • Breath worsened when the patient lies on her back in bed.
   • Using drugs to help breathing, for example: raising the shoulders, widen the nose.
   • The existence of wheezing breath sounds.
   • The recurrent coughing.


4. Circulation
   • The increase in blood pressure.
   • The increase in the frequency of heart.
   • The color of skin or mucous membranes normal / gray / cyanosis.
   • Redness or sweating.


5. Ego integrity
   • Anxiety
   • Fear
   • Restless
   
   
6. Nutrition
   • The inability to eat due to respiratory distress.
   • Weight loss due to anorexia.


7. Sosial Relations
   • The limited physical mobility.
   • It's hard to talk or stammering.
   • The existence of dependence on others.


8. Sexuality
   • The decrease libido.

Nursing Care Plan Patients Bronchial Asthma

Ineffective breathing pattern associated with a reduction in lung expansion.

Objectives

The pattern of breath again effective.


Results Criteria :

• Effective breathing pattern
• The sound of normal breathing or clean
• Vital sign in the normal range
• Cough decreased
• Expansion of the lungs inflate.

Intervention :

• Review of respiratory depth and frequency of chest expansion. Note the respiratory effort, including the use of respiratory muscle aids / nasal dilation.
• Auscultation of breath sounds and record the sound as crekels breath, wheezing.
• Elevate the head and help change the position.
• Observation of the pattern and character of cough secretions.
• Encourage / assist the patient in breathing and coughing exercises.

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